Midland Park Fire Department


Fire Safety tips

1. GET EVERYONE INVOLVED. Fire is an equal opportunity killer. It treats no one special in your house due to sex, age, education, or position in the family. It doesn't do any good if Mom and the kids have practiced a plan but Dad didn't because he was at work and a fire breaks out while Dad is watching the kids while Mom is out of the house. Does the Baby-sitter have a clue, or are you depending upon his or her good judgment? During a fire is not a really good time to start teaching family members about the fire safety plan. Seconds count! Everyone must know who, what, when, and why beforehand and it should be second-nature.
    

2. DRAW A FLOOR PLAN. While this is primarily for determining exit paths, use this to know your assets. Where are your fire extinguishers? One right next to the stove may not be a good idea since it may be too close to the fire should you have a kitchen fire. Each room should have two ways out, be they a door or window. What if you are on second floor and the stairs are on fire? Do you need to invest in a life safety ladder (roll-up aluminum chain link ladder that goes over a window sill in case of fire)? Do you have detectors? What type are they (smoke, heat, CO)? Are they positioned properly? Do they work (when was the last time you checked and be honest)?
    

3. PRACTICE A FIRE DRILL. Once you have your exits planned out, let everyone know where they are for each room in the house. And remember, each room should have at least two exits. Once everyone is aware of the exits (you might want to post a piece of paper in each room, near the light switch with the exit paths to the outside until they become second nature), you should hold frequent fire drills so that it becomes second nature on where to go and what to do. Vary the time of day and day of week that you hold the drills. Do not be afraid to hold some at night. Fire does not strike only from 9 - 5. When you are confident that everyone has got it, you can taper off to one drill a month so that it acts a refresher. Vary the scenarios in your drills to mimic real life. For example, one school (not in Midland Park) always led the children out to the left during fire drills until the fire chief stood in the exit route said that this way is blocked. They had always gone left and were not prepared to deal with the fact that that route might be blocked. It wasn't in the curriculum.
    

4. EVACUATE HOME IMMEDIATELY. Upon hearing the agreed upon notification signal(s), be it the smoke or heat alarm, the fire alarm, or someone yelling fire, everyone needs to get out of the house immediately. You don't know what set off the alarm (i.e., how big or dangerous it might be) and it is better to play it safe than sorry. Don't waste precious time by playing Sherlock Holmes. Fire spreads in seconds, not minutes. Everyone inside goes outside. One parent and the kids don't go outside with the other parent still inside playing detective. The only place your safety is guaranteed is outside away from the fire.
    

5. DO NOT OPEN HOT DOORS. When you get to a door, STOP and FEEL IT FIRST. DO NOT feel it by grabbing the metal doorknob with your palm. If the knob is hot enough, your hand will automatically contract around the knob and you will now be stuck to the knob. Feel the door (or any object with the BACK OF YOUR PALM. In this way, when the heat makes your hand contract, it will be pulling away from the heat source rather than toward it. When feeling or attempting to open a door in a fire scenario, never crawl or stand (more on standing later) to the side of the door that is going to open. Make sure you are behind the center of the door. While there are no hard and fast rules as to open or not to open a door, an obviously hot door which just burnt you hand should probably not be opened. If after you feel the door and you feel it is safe to open, do it slowly, and again from behind the door, not the side that opens. In case flames, heavy smoke, or superheated air enters your room, you will not be the direct line of fire (pardon the pun). You will be able to put your weight behind the door and close it and use "Plan B" which should be your second escape route.
    

6. A WORD ABOUT WINDOWS. If you have to open any windows to facilitate your exit and they are stuck, use whatever is handy to break them. A chair, a lamp, a wastepaper basket, that vase that you always hated. Use your fist only as a last resort. Remember glass cuts and you have arteries in your arm. If you have to use your fist, wrap it in something first. When the window is broken, ensure that you have enough glass removed so that you can fit through safely. Again, use the object, not your fist. Try to place a towel or blanket in the window frame, so that if you have to exit that way, you will not cut yourself on any protruding glass. If you have a window which opens up and down, break the top pane also. This is so that any smoke, which rises, will exit above you, not out the hole in which you are sticking your head. While each house is constructed differently and each fire is different, it is generally better to wait for rescue than to exit via a window. This will be a personal choice based on factors of a particular situation. If you have to exit via a window, and you don't have a life safety ladder, or a concerned neighbor with a ladder, it is best not to jump but to hang down from the window and then to let go. If you jump from a second story window, based on the common factor of 10 feet per floor, you are jumping 15 or more feet. If you hang down, you are only going to fall 15 feet less your height , (i.e., 15 feet minus 6 feet (your height) equals a fall of only 9 feet, the distance from your feet to the ground).
    

7. FRESHEST AIR IS CLOSEST TO THE FLOOR. In a fire, the freshest and coolest air is near the floor. This is because smoke and heat rise. If you have to exit a smoky environment, the best way to do so is crawling on your hands and knees NOT standing up. Not only will you be getting the freshest and coolest air possible, you will not literally be running into the unknown. In a fire, smoke is BLACK and THICK. If you are standing up, chances are your head will be in the smoke and you won't see that hole where the floor used to be until you step right through it. If you are crawling, your hands become sensors. They feel out in front of you. If your normally hard floor feels soft or spongy , it might not support your weight. If they don't find a floor, you are going to (hopefully) stop and assess the situation. Is it a small hole, which you can crawl over or do you have to find another way out. When going down stairs, just the opposite is true. Go down backwards. This is so that if down below you the stairs are burnt away, your hands will be above you and you will be able to grab on to something to stop your fall.
    

8. DECIDE ON A MEETING PLACE OUTSIDE. This is important for accountability purposes. The meeting place should be the same for all members of the family and should be far enough away from the burning structure to ensure your safety. It could be the far edge of the front lawn, the neighbor's front lawn, the mailbox, or whatever. The key is that everyone knows where it is and is trained to go there in the event of an emergency. Again, it should be far enough away from the burning structure to ensure your safety. All family members, in some order (usually age) should be trained to take a head-count and let officials know if all people are accounted for or if anyone is missing.
    

9. CALL THE FIRE DEPARTMENT FROM NEIGHBORS OR OTHER LOCATION. Do not stay inside a smoky or otherwise dangerous environment to call the fire department. Ensure human life safety and get out first. You can either call 9-1-1 or call the police department at 201-487-2400. Most children are taught to dial 9-1-1 in school and this should be reinforced at home. While 201-487-2400 is slightly quicker, 9-1-1 is generally easier for everyone to remember .
    

10. DO NOT REENTER A BURNING BUILDING. While we all have possessions that we consider irreplaceable, they only non-replaceable items are you and your family. Clothes, jewelry, photos, and the like can all be replaced with new. You can't. You may think it is safe to go back in because when you came out there was only "a little" smoke. Things could have changed drastically since you came out. The floor or stairs that you were just on could be burned away now. The room with the photo album in it could be fully engulfed in flames. If you are out of the burning structure, you are out and safe. Stay that way!
     

11. HAVE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS HANDY . There may be times that you may be able to take care of the immediate situation yourself. If you have a grease fire in a pan on the stove, you can generally put it out by putting a lid on the pot and turning of the flame underneath (you are smothering it and getting rid of the heat source). If you are faced with a small fire or a wastepaper basket fire, you can (if you feel confident enough, remembering that small is a relative term) try to put it out with an extinguisher. Ensure you are using the right extinguisher for the type of burning material. You should have reviewed extinguisher correctness for task and placement during your floor plan and practiced use (don't pull safety pins or actually discharge them) during your fire drills. Again, during a fire is not a good time to read the operating instructions for the first time.

    1. If the fire does not go completely out and stay out by the time the extinguisher is used up, get out and call the fire department. Do not waste time by trying another extinguisher.

    2. If the fire does go completely out and stay out by the time the extinguisher is used up, quickly pat yourself on the back and call the fire department. The fire department needs to check for what we call "hidden extension". This is for your protection. For example, this is when the fire might have been near a wall and it heated the interior contents of the wall up and they are now burning and spreading the fire unbeknownst to you. Do not be embarrassed to call the fire department. We would much rather get all dressed up (in our fancy duds) to tell you that everything is okay, then to have to pour water on what is now the smoldering embers of what used to be your house.

In conclusion, the author has tried to give you a both a plan of action and food for thought. Hopefully, there are a couple of humorous points. Remember, however, in all seriousness, fire is not funny. You, hopefully, plan. Your fire department trains and plans. Fire on the other hand, is lazy and does neither. It has no desire or time to read plans or training manuals. It just burns. It doesn't exempt you from death or injury because you are an untrained civilian, just as it does not exempt the firefighter because he has training. Become knowledgeable about your home and surroundings. Know what to do, who to call, and where to go should fire strike. Do not become a statistic, become a survivor.